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RISC-V Bases and Extensions Explained

cnx-software.com, Aug. 27, 2019 – 

The other day we reported about GigaDevice GD32V general-purpose 32-bit RISC-V microcontroller, and one of the commenters asked whether it was rv32imac or rv32emac, and it turned out to be the former. In most case, silicon vendors report whether they are using 32-bit, 64-bit or the upcoming 128-bit RISC-V processors, but rarely go into details, so I asked why it mattered and got the following answer:

RISC-V is a federation of ISA extensions – from the baseline rv{32|64|128}I, to an arbitrary combination of a handful of extensions. There are combinations which are dubbed 'application-processor level' (the G subset), but implementations can and often are not G-compliant, which is naturally the case with MCUs. Difference between rv32i and rv32e is 32-strong vs 16-strong GPR file, respectively. In the case of GD32VF103, rv32imac stands for a 'full-size GPR file, integer mul/div, atomics, compressed (16bit) ISA' set. What is missing from 'application-processor level' (G) is the FPU – F & D extensions.

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