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AI-Based Soft Switching Cuts Losses to Extend EV Range

from www.eetimes.eu, Sept. 30, 2019 – 

In the automotive sector, research into the efficiency of electric vehicles focuses on battery autonomy and the efficiency of the inverter and electric motor. Stringent automotive safety and quality standards are steering technological innovation to approaches that maximize the efficiency and autonomy of electric vehicles (EVs) while minimizing battery size and weight and reducing costs. Artificial intelligence (AI) is providing essential support in the push for EV autonomy and efficiency, including efforts to eliminate switching losses in order to ensure rapid transistor commutation.

FUNCTIONAL SPECS AND DESIGN ASPECTS

At the logic level, transistors are simple, three-pin switches in which the application of voltage or current to the third pin when the transistor is turned on or off changes the transistor's state, but this transition is not instantaneous. The time it takes a transistor to complete a transition is known as switching loss. Switching losses waste energy and are the main contributors to power converter losses. The amount of switching loss per transistor varies by transistor type, manufacturer, and operating voltage. In general, transistors that can handle higher voltages have higher switching losses.

In the power electronics sector, research is geared toward reliably and economically reducing switching and conduction losses. The ability to set and adjust the switching frequency is particularly important in DC/AC and AC/DC power conversion applications. Here, the limited switching frequency of the inverters distorts the sine wave of the output power, causing excessive motor inefficiencies. Minimizing switching losses can yield significant improvements in efficiency, size, performance, and reliability. Adjusting the switching frequency, therefore, can reduce the noise generated by the motor for all applications that require low noise levels. This parameter can be adjusted in the range between 1 and 16 kHz, and its modulation is necessary to avoid the resonance phenomenon.

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