New fabrication process, a major advance towards quantum computing

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New research from engineers and physicists at UCL in London has detailed a fabrication process that could be used to build a quantum computer that achieves an almost zero failure rate and has the potential to be scaled up.

www.newelectronics.co.uk/, Mar. 27, 2024 – 

The research, published in Advanced Materials, describes the first successful attempt to reliably position single atoms in an array since the idea was first proposed 25 years ago.

The near 100% precision and scalability of the approach raises the possibility of building a quantum computer capable of tackling some of the world's most complex problems. However, substantial engineering challenges still need to be overcome to realise that ambition.

Theoretically, quantum computing has the potential to solve complex problems that 'classical' binary, transistor-based computers will never be able to tackle. One way the gates in a universal quantum computer, known as qubits (quantum bits), can be created is from single atoms placed in silicon, cooled to extremely low temperatures in order to keep their quantum properties stable. They can then be manipulated with electrical and magnetic signals to process information, in much the same way that a binary transistor in a classical computer is manipulated to output a zero or a one.

This allows the computer to harness the power of quantum mechanics, the deep laws of physics that determine how the universe works. This includes phenomena such as superposition, or the ability of qubits to be in many different arrangements at the same time, and quantum entanglement, which is the ability of qubits to be inextricably linked.

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